求曲线本身属性
XantC
曲线长度
$$ s=\begin{cases} \displaystyle\int_{x_a}^{x_b}\sqrt{1+(\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x})^2}\,\mathrm{d}x \\ \displaystyle\int_{y_a}^{y_b}\sqrt{1+(\frac{\mathrm{d}x}{\mathrm{d}y})^2}\,\mathrm{d}y \\ \displaystyle\int_{t_a}^{t_b}\sqrt{(\frac{\mathrm{d}x}{\mathrm{d}t})^2+(\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}t})^2}\,\mathrm{d}t \\ \end{cases} $$
推导
(δs)2 ≈ (δx)2 + (δy)2
$$ \Rightarrow \frac{\mathrm{d}s}{\mathrm{d}x}=\sqrt{1+(\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x})^2} $$
$$ \Rightarrow s=\int_{x_a}^{x_b}\sqrt{1+(\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x})^2}\,\mathrm{d}x $$
曲线旋转体
体积
$$ \begin{align*} \text{绕x轴旋转:} V=\pi\int_{x_a}^{x_b}y^2\mathrm{d}x \\ \text{绕y轴旋转:} V=\pi\int_{y_a}^{y_b}x^2\mathrm{d}y \end{align*} $$
侧表面积
基本公式
$$ \begin{align*} \text{绕x轴旋转:} S=\int2\pi y\mathrm{d}s=\int2\pi y\frac{\mathrm{d}s}{\mathrm{d}x}\mathrm{d}x \\ \text{绕y轴旋转:} S=\int2\pi x\mathrm{d}s=\int2\pi x\frac{\mathrm{d}s}{\mathrm{d}y}\mathrm{d}y \\ \end{align*} $$
用于计算的公式
以绕x轴旋转为例:
$$ S=\begin{cases} \displaystyle 2\pi\int_{x_a}^{x_b}y\sqrt{1+(\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x})^2}\,\mathrm{d}x \\ \displaystyle 2\pi\int_{y_a}^{y_b}y\sqrt{1+(\frac{\mathrm{d}x}{\mathrm{d}y})^2}\,\mathrm{d}y \\ \displaystyle 2\pi\int_{t_a}^{t_b}y\sqrt{(\frac{\mathrm{d}x}{\mathrm{d}t})^2+(\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}t})^2}\,\mathrm{d}t \\ \end{cases} $$
推导
圆台侧表面积公式为S = π(r1 + r2)l
∴ δS = π(y + (y + δy))δs
$$ \frac{\delta S}{\delta x}=\pi(2y+\delta y)\frac{\delta s}{\delta x} $$
$$ \frac{\mathrm{d}S}{\mathrm{d}x}=2\pi y\frac{\mathrm{d}s}{\mathrm{d}x} $$
⇒ S = ∫2πyds